Breast Cancer Risk Factors & Preventatives
Understanding breast cancer risk factors can play a key role in timely detection and effective treatment. At Mosaic Breast Imaging, we emphasize the importance of awareness and regular screenings for all women. This comprehensive guide will discuss various risk factors, both controllable and non-controllable, and provide recommendations for optimal breast health and cancer prevention.
Non-Controllable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Certain risk factors, such as age, gender, and genetics, cannot be changed. Being female and getting older are two of the greatest risk factors for the development of breast cancer. For example, the risk of getting breast cancer at age 40 is 1.5%. At age 60, this percentage increases to 3.5%, while at age 70 it is 4.1%. The overall lifetime risk of getting breast cancer is approximately 12.5%, or 1 in 8 women (breastcancer.org).
Another factor that increases the risk of breast cancer is a strong family history. If breast cancer appears in family genetic history, a gene mutation that causes a predisposition to breast (and other) cancers is more likely. Genetic mutations like BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 can increase breast cancer risks up to 55-72% and 45-69%, respectively (cancer.gov). BCRA genes produce proteins that help repair DNA that is regularly damaged over a lifetime. Abnormalities in BCRA genes result in a greater risk of cancer because damaged DNA cannot be repaired and eliminated normally. Mutations to BCRA genes can be inherited by either parent, and while family history or genetic inheritance cannot be changed, being aware of these potential factors can help patients plan accordingly. Patients with these genetic mutations and/or a strong family history should begin mammographic and MRI screenings as early as age 30. In more extreme cases, preventative measures such as hormonal blockades or prophylactic mastectomies are also options that can be discussed with the patient’s doctor.
Other non-controllable factors include early menstruation, late menopause, dense breast tissue, and having a pregnancy later in life. While these factors cannot be predicted, understanding their relationship to breast health can help patients be best prepared for their breast cancer screening regimen.
Are you curious about your risk? Click below to take a free risk assessment quiz!
If you are at a greater than 20% lifetime risk, please consider beginning regular breast screenings at an earlier age, as well as genetic testing to determine if you have a genetic mutation.
Controllable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Lifestyle choices can significantly impact breast cancer risk. Obesity, particularly post-menopause, is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (National Cancer Institute). Alcohol consumption also elevates breast cancer risk, with moderate intake (2 drinks/day) raising risk by 30-50% (Curr Breast Cancer Rep, 2013).
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can contribute to breast cancer risk, however, it can also be very beneficial when used responsibly under a healthcare professional’s guidance and alongside annual mammographic screening. Smoking is linked to an increased risk of various cancers, including breast cancer (Komen foundation).
Regular exercise, however, can reduce breast cancer risk by 12-21% (National Cancer Institute) or even 30-40% in some studies (Oncologist, 2003). Physical activity also has the ability to decrease the risk of breast cancer recurrence as well as mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis.
While research on the relationship between diet and breast cancer is not definitive, a plant-based diet has been shown to positively impact cancer risk and overall health.
Recommended Actions for Breast Health
To promote breast health, adopt a balanced lifestyle with moderation in eating and drinking, as well as participating in regular exercise. Annual mammograms should start at age 35- 40, along with self-breast examinations and awareness of family history.
Patients with a strong family history or positive gene mutations should start screening earlier and consider genetic testing. Yearly MRI examinations are recommended for patients with specific gene mutations. Prophylactic procedures and chemoprevention options may be suitable for certain high-risk individuals.
At Mosaic Breast Imaging, we prioritize early detection and prevention. Schedule your mammogram today and take charge of your breast health!